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Initial commit of lecture code

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This commit is contained in:
Louise Brown 2022-04-07 16:58:01 +01:00
commit 5b205092a7
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2
.gitignore vendored Normal file
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.vscode
build/

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h> // Needed to give access to M_PI
/* FUNCTION: CalculateAreaOfCircle
INPUTS: radius float
RETURNS: area float
Description
Calculate area using area = M_PI * radius * radius
*/
float CalculateAreaOfCircle ( float radius )
{
float area;
area = M_PI * radius * radius ;
return (area) ;
}
/* Show use of function */
int main (void)
{
// Declare variables - no need to initialise as values will be read in / calculated
float rad, Area;
// Prompt for and obtain value
printf ("Please enter the raduis of the circle: ");
scanf ("%f", &rad);
// Use our function to calculate the area
Area = CalculateAreaOfCircle(rad);
// And display the answer on the screen
printf ("The area of a circle of radius %f is %f\n", rad, Area );
// Note: As the function returns a value, if we did not need to store it
// we could calculate & display within the printf statement
//printf ("The area of a circle of radius %f is %f\n", rad, CalculateAreaOfCircle(r) );
// All done
return 0;
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h> // Needed to give access to M_PI
/* FUNCTION: CalculateSurfaceAreaOfCylinder
INPUTS: radius float
length float
RETURNS: SurfaceArea float
Description
Calculate the surface area of a cylinder given radius and length
*/
float CalculateSurfaceAreaOfCylinder ( float radius, float length )
{
float area;
area = 2.0 * ( M_PI * radius * radius ) + ( M_PI * 2.0 * radius * length ); // two ends + side
return (area) ;
}
/* Show use of function */
int main (void)
{
// Declare variables - no need to initialise as values will be read in / calculated
float rad, len, SurfaceArea;
// Prompt for and obtain values
printf ("Please enter the radius of the cylinder: ");
scanf ("%f", &rad);
ad
printf ("Please enter the length of the cylinder: ");
scanf ("%f", &len);
// Use our function to calculate the area
SurfaceArea = CalculateSurfaceAreaOfCylinder(rad, len);
// And display the answer on the screen
printf ("The surface area of a cylinder of radius %f and length %f is %f\n", rad, len, SurfaceArea );
// Note: As the function returns a value, if we did not need to store it
// we could calculate & display within the printf statement
//printf ("The surface area of a cylinder of radius %f and length %f is %f\n", rad, len, CalculateSurfaceAreaOfCylinder(r,l) );
// All done
return 0;
}

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/* A very simple program that defines an array of ten integers */
/* And puts a different value into each */
#include <stdio.h> /* Usual includes */
#include <stdlib.h>
int main( void )
{
int Values[10]; /* Define an array of 10 integers */
int j; /* Define an integer 'j' */
/* Use a loop to put some values into the array, displaying the */
/* vaules stored on the screen */
for ( j = 0 ; j < 10 ; j++ )
{
Values[j] = j * 2;
printf("\nThe value in array index %d is %d ",j,Values[j]);
}
return 0; /* End of the program */
}

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/*
This makes global variables look like a good idea
THEY ARE NOT - DO NOT USE THEM
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int y,k,ans; /* Define GLOBAL variables */
void NastyGlobalFunction (void ) /* Define function */
{
ans = ( y * k ); /* y, k and ans are defined globally above */
return ;
}
int main( void )
{
y = 2; /* Set value of y */
k = 3; /* Set value of k */
NastyGlobalFunction(); /* call the function */
printf("%d multiplied by %d is %d " ,y ,k ,ans ); /* Display values */
return 0;
}

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/*
In this example, we do not have a problem as although
we have a global variable 'i', we do not corrupt it in
the function
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int i; /* Nasty global variable ! */
/*
This function returns the sum of the number 1->10
Note that although we use 'i' it is not defined in
the function its self.
*/
int SumToTen ( void )
{
int Result = 0;
for ( i = 10 ; i >= 0 ; i-- ) // Count down as more effecient
Result = Result + i;
return Result;
}
/* This is our main function */
int main(void)
{
printf ("\nThe sum of the values 0 to 10 is %d ",SumToTen() );
return 0;
}

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/*
This time we have a real problem. We are using the variable
'i' in the main loop to count and again in the function.
Thus the function will change the value seen by the 'main'
routine - and will cause *Serious* problems
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int i; /* Again, the nasty global variable */
/*
This function returns the sum of the number 0 -> i, but
summing from the limit back to zero ( to prove a point ! )
The problem this will cause is that at the end of the routine
the value of 'i' will always be '1' which will stop the loop
in 'main' working !
*/
int SumToValue ( int Limit )
{
int Result = 0;
printf("\nIn function ");
for ( i = Limit ; i > 0 ; i-- )
Result = Result + i;
return Result;
}
/*
This is our main function - this time we are aiming to print out
at table of the sums of values from 1 to 10
*/
int main( void )
{
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
{
printf ("\nThe sum of the values 0 to %d is %d ",i,SumToValue(i));
}
return 0;
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
// As we are using the function BEFORE it is actually written we need to provide the
// prototype so that the compiler can verify we are calling it correctly
void CalculateArea ( double Radius, double *pArea); // note the ‘*’
// This is the main code for our application
int main()
{
double radius, area;
radius = 1.0;
CalculateArea (radius, &area);
printf ("The area of circle of radius %f is %f\n", radius, area);
return 0;
}
// And here is our function
// Note: Pi is written out simply to match the notes, M_PI could also be used
void CalculateArea ( double Radius, double *pArea )
{
*pArea = 3.14159265 * Radius * Radius;
return;
}

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LC14/pointer_function_example_2.c Normal file
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
// As we are using the function BEFORE it is actually written we need to provide the
// prototype so that the compiler can verify we are calling it correctly
void CalculateVolumeAndSA ( double Radius, double Length, double *Volume, double *SurfaceArea); // note the ‘*’
// This is the main code for our application
int main()
{
double radius = 3.4, length = 7.3, volume, SurfaceArea;
CalculateVolumeAndSA(radius, length, &volume, &SurfaceArea);
printf("The volume is %f \n", volume);
printf( "The surface area is %f\n", SurfaceArea);
return 0;
}
// And here is our function
void CalculateVolumeAndSA ( double Radius, double Length, double *Volume, double *SurfaceArea) // note the ‘*’
{
*Volume = M_PI * Radius * Radius * Length;
*SurfaceArea = ( 2 * M_PI * Radius * Radius * Length ) +( 2 * M_PI * Radius * Length );
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void) // Main : Execution starts here...
{
// Define variables - pre-populate the array
int MyArray[10] = {12,34,23,11,8,19,6,44,9,16};
int *pArray = &MyArray[0];
int i;
// Direct from the array
printf ("Directly from the array\n");
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
printf ("Item %d contains value %d\n",i,MyArray[i]);
// Pointer approach 1
printf ("Pointer method 1\n");
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
printf ("Item %d contains value %d\n", i, pArray[i] );
printf ("Pointer method 1\n");
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
printf ("Item %d contains value %d\n", i, *(pArray+i) );
printf ("Pointer method 2 (only works for moving sequentially\n");
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
printf ("Item %d contains value %d\n", i, *pArray++ );
// Exit the application
return 0;
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void) // Main : Execution starts here...
{
// Define variables - pre-populate the array
int MyArray[10] = {12,34,23,11,8,19,6,44,9,16};
int *pArray = &MyArray[0];
int i;
// Direct from the array
printf ("Directly from the array\n");
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
printf ("Item %d contains value %d\n",i,MyArray[i]);
// Pointer approach 1
printf ("Pointer method 1\n");
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
printf ("Item %d contains value %d\n", i, pArray[i] );
printf ("Pointer method 1\n");
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
printf ("Item %d contains value %d\n", i, *(pArray+i) );
printf ("Pointer method 2 (only works for moving sequentially\n");
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
printf ("Item %d contains value %d\n", i, *pArray++ );
// Exit the application
return 0;
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void) // Main : Execution starts here...
{
// Define variables - pre-populate the array
int MyArray[10] = {12,34,23,11,8,19,6,44,9,16};
int *pArray = &MyArray[0];
int i;
// Direct from the array
printf ("Directly from the array\n");
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
printf ("Item %d contains value %d\n",i,MyArray[i]);
// Pointer approach 1
printf ("Pointer method 1\n");
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
printf ("Item %d contains value %d\n", i, pArray[i] );
printf ("Pointer method 1\n");
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
printf ("Item %d contains value %d\n", i, *(pArray+i) );
printf ("Pointer method 2 (only works for moving sequentially\n");
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
printf ("Item %d contains value %d\n", i, *pArray++ );
// Exit the application
return 0;
}

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/* An example of
Creating dynamically an array
Populating the array
Displaying the contents
Freeing up the memory
Example 1 : No sucessful allocation checking
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
int *ipArray = NULL; /* Create the pointer and set */
/* to null to start with */
int iSize = 0; /* Define our 'size' variable */
int i; /* A Loop variables */
/* Prompt for array size */
printf("\nHow big is the array to be ? ");
scanf("%d",&iSize);
/* Allocate the memory */
ipArray = (int *)calloc(iSize, sizeof(int));
/* Populate the array (Method 1) */
for ( i = 0 ; i < iSize ; i++ )
ipArray[i] = iSize - i;
/* display the data */
for ( i = 0 ; i < iSize ; i++ )
printf("Value %d is %d\n",i,ipArray[i] );
/* free memory */
free(ipArray);
return 0;
}

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/* An example of
Creating dynamically an array
Populating the array
Displaying the contents
Freeing up the memory
Version 2 : Check memory has been assigned
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
int *ipArray = NULL; /* Create the pointer and set */
/* to null to start with */
int iSize = 0; /* Define our 'size' variable */
int i; /* A Loop variables */
/* Prompt for array size */
printf("\nHow big is the array to be ? ");
scanf("%d",&iSize);
/* Allocate the memory */
ipArray = (int *)calloc(iSize, sizeof(int));
if ( ipArray == NULL )
{
printf("\nUnable to allocate the memory requested");
printf("\n ** Program terminating ** \n");
exit (1);
}
/* Populate the array (Method 1) */
for ( i = 0 ; i < iSize ; i++ )
ipArray[i] = iSize - i;
/* display the data */
for ( i = 0 ; i < iSize ; i++ )
printf("Value %d is %d\n",i,ipArray[i] );
/* free memory */
free(ipArray);
return 0;
}

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/* An example of
Creating dynamically an array
Populating the array
Displaying the contents
Freeing up the memory
Version 3 : Read and Write values using pointers
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
int *ipArray = NULL; /* Create the pointer and set */
/* to null to start with */
int *ipStartValue = NULL; /* A place to store ipArray's */
/* initial value ,ie ipArray[0] */
int iSize = 0; /* Define our 'size' variable */
int i; /* A Loop variables */
/* Prompt for array size */
printf("\nHow big is the array to be ? ");
scanf("%d",&iSize);
/* Allocate the memory */
ipArray = (int *)calloc(iSize, sizeof(int));
if ( ipArray == NULL )
{
printf("\nUnable to allocate the memory requested");
printf("\n ** Program terminating ** \n");
exit (1);
}
/* Store the base memory address for use later */
ipStartValue = ipArray;
/* Populate the array (Method 2 - Use Pointers: This is much faster !) */
for ( i = 0 ; i < iSize ; i++ )
*ipArray++ = iSize - i;
/* Reset the pointer to the origin of the array */
ipArray = ipStartValue;
/* display the data */
for ( i = 0 ; i < iSize ; i++ )
printf("Value %d is %d\n",i,*ipArray++ );
/* free memory : Again, reset ipArray to its origin */
ipArray = ipStartValue;
free(ipArray);
/* The above two lines could be replaced with free (ipStartValue) */
return 0;
}

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/* An example of
Creating dynamically an array
Populating the array
Displaying the contents
Freeing up the memory
Version 4 : Check memory has been assigned
Read and Write values using pointers
Pass array data to a function
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int Sum ( int *Data, int n ) /* Define our function */
{
int Sum = 0,i; /* Define working variables */
for ( i = 0 ; i < n ; i++ )
{
printf("Item %d=%d\n", i, Data[i]);
Sum += Data[i]; /* This means Sum = Sum + Data[i] */
}
return Sum; /* Return the value */
}
int main(void)
{
int *ipArray = NULL; /* Create the pointer and set */
/* to null to start with */
int *ipStartValue = NULL; /* A place to store ipArray's */
/* initial value ,ie ipArray[0] */
int iSize = 0; /* Define our 'size' variable */
int i; /* A Loop variables */
/* Prompt for array size */
printf("\nHow big is the array to be ? ");
scanf("%d",&iSize);
/* Allocate the memory */
ipArray = (int *)calloc(iSize, sizeof(int));
if ( ipArray == NULL )
{
printf("\nUnable to allocate the memory requested");
printf("\n ** Program terminating ** \n");
exit (1);
}
/* Store the base memory address for use later */
ipStartValue = ipArray;
/* Populate the array (Method 2 - Use Pointers: This is much faster !) */
for ( i = 0 ; i < iSize ; i++ )
ipArray[i] = i;
/* Display the sum of the values in the array */
printf("\nThe sum of the array values is %d ",Sum(ipArray,iSize) );
/* free memory : Again, reset ipArray to its origin */
ipArray = ipStartValue;
free(ipArray);
/* The above two lines could be replaced with free (ipStartValue) */
return 0;
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
// This function will return
//
// 0 if the equation can be solved,
// -1 if it is not a quadratic
// -2 if it is complex
int SolveQuadratic ( int a, int b, int c, float *x1, float *x2)
{
int d;
// If the equations is not a quadratic return -1
if ( a == 0 )
return (-1);
// Calculate the value that will be square rooted
d = (b*b) - (4*a*c);
// If less than zero then it would be complex - give up!
if ( d < 0 )
return (-2);
// If we got to here we are OK to solve things
*x1 = (-b - sqrt(d)) / (2*a);
*x2 = (-b + sqrt(d)) / (2*a);
// This is are 'OK' return value
return 0;
}
int main()
{
int A,B,C, r;
float X1, X2;
printf ("Please enter a b & c separated by a space: ");
scanf("%d %d %d",&A, &B, &C);
r = SolveQuadratic(A,B,C, &X1, &X2);
// The value returned lets us know if we have values in X1 and X2 we can use
switch (r)
{
case 0 :
printf ("The solutions are %f and %f", X1, X2 );
break;
case -1 :
printf ("The equation provided was not a quadratic" );
break;
case -2 :
printf ("The solutions had complex roots and could not be solved");
break;
}
return 0;
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/* Example 3 - jumping & getting element count */
int main(void)
{
int ValRead;
int Item;
int Locn;
FILE *fptr;
/* Open the file from example 1 */
fptr = fopen ("data.dat","rb");
if ( fptr == NULL )
{
printf ("\nError opening input file - aborting ");
exit (0);
}
/* Ask the user which value to jump to */
printf ("\nWhich value do you wish to view ? ");
scanf ("%d",&Item);
/* Jump to this item */
/* notice we move in steps of item size */
Locn = Item * sizeof(int);
fseek (fptr, Locn, SEEK_SET);
/* And read a single integer in */
fread (&ValRead, sizeof(int), 1, fptr );
/* Display the read value */
printf ("Item %d is %d\n",Item,ValRead);
/* And close */
fclose (fptr);
/* All Done */
return 0;
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/* Example 3 - jumping & getting element count */
main()
{
long FileBytes;
FILE *fptr;
/* Open the file from example 1 */
fptr = fopen ("data.dat","rb");
if ( fptr == NULL )
{
printf ("\nError opening input file - aborting ");
exit (0);
}
/* Move to the end of file */
fseek (fptr, 0, SEEK_END);
/* Get the byte size */
FileBytes = ftell(fptr);
/* Convert to size based on fact all int's */
FileBytes = FileBytes / sizeof(int);
/* Display the read value */
printf ("No. of items in file is %d\n",FileBytes);
/* And close */
fclose (fptr);
/* All Done */
return 0;
}

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#include <stdio.h>
//macro definition
#define X 30
//global integer constant
const int Y = 10;
int main()
{
//local integer constant`
const int Z = 20;
printf("Value of X: %d\n", X);
printf("Value of Y: %d\n", Y);
printf("Value of Z: %d\n", Z);
// #undef X
// #define X 300
// printf("Value of X: %d\n", X);
// Y = 30;
return 0;
}

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/*
Static variables - a variable that is created when a function is first
called and remains until the program terminates
This is to say that in future calls to the function it is not redefined
and can take the value it last had in the function.
This should hopefully show this !
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void NonStaticFunction(void)
{
int i =0 ; /* This is issued EVERY time the function is called */
i = i + 1;
printf ("\nIn Non static function, the value of i is %d ",i);
return;
}
void StaticFunction(void)
{
static int i =0 ; /* This is issued THE FIRST TIME,
AND ONLY THE FIRST TIME
that the function is called */
i = i + 1;
printf ("\nIn *static* function, the value of i is %d ",i);
return;
}
int main(void)
{
int i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
{
NonStaticFunction();
StaticFunction();
}
return 0;
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct DataSet /* Define a struture called DataSet */
{
int x; /* The X data */
int y; /* The Y data */
};
int main(void)
{
struct DataSet MyPoints; /* Define structure, type DataSet */
MyPoints.x = 1;
MyPoints.y = 2;
printf("\nThe dataset values are ");
printf("\n\t\t X = %d ",MyPoints.x);
printf("\n\t\t Y = %d ",MyPoints.y);
return 0;
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct DataSet /* Define a struture called DataSet */
{
int x; /* The X data */
int y; /* The Y data */
};
int main(void)
{
struct DataSet MyPoints[5]; /* Define array of structure, */
/* type DataSet */
/* Elements : 10 */
int i; /* Define an integer */
for ( i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ ) /* Populate structure */
{
MyPoints[i].x = i;
MyPoints[i].y = i*i;
}
printf("\nThe dataset values are "); /* Display message & Values */
for ( i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ )
{
printf("\n\t Set %d : ",i);
printf("\t X = %d ",MyPoints[i].x);
printf("\t Y = %d ",MyPoints[i].y);
}
return 0;
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct DataSet /* Define a struture called DataSet */
{
int x; /* The X data */
int y; /* The Y data */
};
int main(void)
{
struct DataSet MyPoints[5]; /* Define array of structure, */
/* type DataSet */
/* Elements : 10 */
struct DataSet CpPoints[5]; /* Define array of structure, */
/* type DataSet */
/* Elements : 10 */
int i; /* Define an integer */
for ( i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ ) /* Populate structure */
{
MyPoints[i].x = i;
MyPoints[i].y = i*i;
}
printf("\nThe dataset values are "); /* Display message & Values */
for ( i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ )
{
printf("\n\t Set %d : ",i);
printf("\t X = %d ",MyPoints[i].x);
printf("\t Y = %d ",MyPoints[i].y);
}
/* Make a copy of the data */
for ( i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ )
CpPoints[i] = MyPoints[i];
/* And print it out again */
printf("\nThe copied dataset values are "); /* Display message & Values */
for ( i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ )
{
printf("\n\t Set %d : ",i);
printf("\t X = %d ",MyPoints[i].x);
printf("\t Y = %d ",MyPoints[i].y);
}
return 0;
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct MyStruct
{
int NoItems;
int max;
float average;
};
int main()
{
struct MyStruct MyRecord;
FILE *fptr;
int ArrayData[100];
int items = 0;
int sum = 0;
int i;
/* Write this file to disk - binary format, usual error checking */
fptr = fopen ("strdata.dat","wb");
if ( fptr == NULL )
{
printf ("\nError creating file - aborting ");
exit (0);
}
/* Populate the array & set header values*/
for ( i = 0 ; i < 100 ; i++)
{
ArrayData[i] = i;
if ( ArrayData [i] > MyRecord.max)
MyRecord.max = ArrayData[i];
sum = sum + ArrayData[i];
items++;
}
/* Update the values in the structure */
MyRecord.NoItems = items;
MyRecord.NoItems = (float)sum / (float)items;
/* This line does the writing of the structure */
fwrite ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
/* This line does the writing of the Array */
fwrite ( &ArrayData[0], sizeof(struct MyStruct),1, fptr);
/* And close */
fclose (fptr);
/* To read the data we would use */
fptr = fopen ("strdata.dat","rb");
if ( fptr == NULL )
{
printf ("\nError opening input file - aborting ");
exit (0);
}
/* This line does the reading */
fread ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
printf ("No. items in the file = %d", MyRecord.NoItems);
printf ("Maximum = %d", MyRecord.max);
printf ("Average is = %.2f", MyRecord.average);
/* And close */
fclose (fptr);
/* All Done */
return 0;
}

90
LC19/WriteHeaderArrayAndUpdate.c Normal file
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct MyStruct
{
int NoItems;
int max;
float average;
};
int main()
{
struct MyStruct MyRecord;
FILE *fptr;
int ArrayData[100];
int items = 0;
int sum = 0;
int i;
/* Write this file to disk - binary format, usual error checking */
fptr = fopen ("strdata.dat","wb");
if ( fptr == NULL )
{
printf ("\nError creating file - aborting ");
exit (0);
}
/* Pop some dummy data into our structure */
MyRecord.NoItems = 0;
MyRecord.max = 0; ;
MyRecord.average = 0;
/* This line does the writing of the structure */
fwrite ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
/* Populate the array */
for ( i = 0 ; i < 100 ; i++)
{
ArrayData[i] = i;
if ( ArrayData [i] > MyRecord.max)
MyRecord.max = ArrayData[i];
sum = sum + ArrayData[i];
items++;
}
/* This line does the writing of the Array */
fwrite ( &ArrayData[0], sizeof(int),100, fptr);
/* Update the values in the structure */
MyRecord.NoItems = items;
MyRecord.NoItems = (float)sum / (float)items;
/* rewind the file to write the structure again */
fseek(fptr, SEEK_SET, 0);
rewind (fptr);
/* This line does the writing of the structure */
fwrite ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
/* And close */
fclose (fptr);
/* To read the data we would use */
fptr = fopen ("strdata.dat","rb");
if ( fptr == NULL )
{
printf ("\nError opening input file - aborting ");
exit (0);
}
/* This line does the reading */
fread ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
printf ("No. items in the file = %d", MyRecord.NoItems);
printf ("Maximum = %d", MyRecord.max);
printf ("Average is = %.2f", MyRecord.average);
/* And close */
fclose (fptr);
/* All Done */
return 0;
}

99
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct MyStruct
{
int NoItems;
int max;
float average;
};
int main()
{
struct MyStruct MyRecord;
FILE *fptr;
int ArrayData[100];
int items = 0;
int sum = 0;
int i;
int AValue;
/* Write this file to disk - binary format, usual error checking */
fptr = fopen ("strdata.dat","wb");
if ( fptr == NULL )
{
printf ("\nError creating file - aborting ");
exit (0);
}
/* Pop some dummy data into our structure */
MyRecord.NoItems = 0;
MyRecord.max = 0; ;
MyRecord.average = 0;
/* This line does the writing of the structure */
fwrite ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
/* Populate the array */
for ( i = 0 ; i < 100 ; i++)
{
ArrayData[i] = i;
if ( ArrayData [i] > MyRecord.max)
MyRecord.max = ArrayData[i];
sum = sum + ArrayData[i];
items++;
}
/* This line does the writing of the Array */
fwrite ( &ArrayData[0], sizeof(int),100, fptr);
/* Update the values in the structure */
MyRecord.NoItems = items;
MyRecord.average= (float)sum / (float)items;
/* rewind the file to write the structure again */
fseek(fptr, SEEK_SET, 0);
rewind (fptr);
/* This line does the writing of the structure */
fwrite ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
/* And close */
fclose (fptr);
/* To read the data we would use */
fptr = fopen ("strdata.dat","rb");
if ( fptr == NULL )
{
printf ("\nError opening input file - aborting ");
exit (0);
}
/* This line does the reading */
fread ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
printf ("No. items in the file = %d\n", MyRecord.NoItems);
printf ("Maximum = %d\n", MyRecord.max);
printf ("Average is = %.2f\n", MyRecord.average);
// Get how far to move for thr 10th item
long Posn = sizeof (struct MyStruct) + (9 * sizeof(int));
// Move
fseek(fptr, Posn, SEEK_SET);
// Read value
fread ( &AValue, sizeof(int),1 , fptr);
printf ("The 10th value is %d", AValue);
/* And close */
fclose (fptr);
/* All Done */
return 0;
}

77
LC19/WriteHeaderWithArray.c Normal file
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct MyStruct
{
int NoItems;
int max;
float average;
};
int main()
{
struct MyStruct MyRecord;
FILE *fptr;
int ArrayData[100];
int items = 0;
int sum = 0;
int i;
/* Write this file to disk - binary format, usual error checking */
fptr = fopen ("strdata.dat","wb");
if ( fptr == NULL )
{
printf ("\nError creating file - aborting ");
exit (0);
}
/* Populate the array & set header values*/
for ( i = 0 ; i < 100 ; i++)
{
ArrayData[i] = i;
if ( ArrayData [i] > MyRecord.max)
MyRecord.max = ArrayData[i];
sum = sum + ArrayData[i];
items++;
}
/* Update the values in the structure */
MyRecord.NoItems = items;
MyRecord.NoItems = (float)sum / (float)items;
/* This line does the writing of the structure */
fwrite ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
/* This line does the writing of the Array */
fwrite ( &ArrayData[0], sizeof(int),100, fptr);
/* And close */
fclose (fptr);
/* To read the data we would use */
fptr = fopen ("strdata.dat","rb");
if ( fptr == NULL )
{
printf ("\nError opening input file - aborting ");
exit (0);
}
/* This line does the reading */
fread ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
printf ("No. items in the file = %d", MyRecord.NoItems);
printf ("Maximum = %d", MyRecord.max);
printf ("Average is = %.2f", MyRecord.average);
/* And close */
fclose (fptr);
/* All Done */
return 0;
}

24
LC19/enum.c Normal file
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
/* Set up our enumerated type */
enum Days { Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun };
/* If we wish, we can set the base level */
//enum Days { Mon = 1 , Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun };
/* Create a variable that can take values of this type */
enum Days DOW;
/* Set variable equal to one of these days */
DOW = Sun;
/* And print the assigned value */
printf ("\nThe value assigned to Sun is %d ",DOW);
return 0;
}

41
LC19/enumdefine.c Normal file
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/* This program shows the use of an 'enum' statements to make code
more general. This is an 'OK' method but realise that it does
mean that we need to recompile if we change a vlaue.
This method is best used only for fixed constants (eg PI )
While this version acts the same as the previous, it is better
as the compiler handles the 'enum'. Whereas the pre-processor
deals with #defines (performing simple substitutions) this is done
no with little error checking, the 'enum' is dealt with by the
compiler which finds error more easily - hence more stable code.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
enum ProblemSize { SIZE = 3 }; /* 'ProblemSize' is optional
but a warning is generated is
it not specified */
int main(void)
{
int i,j;
int iMatrix[SIZE][SIZE];
int iCols = SIZE;
int iRows = SIZE;
for (i = 0 ; i < iCols ; i++ )
{
for (j = 0 ; j < iRows ; j++ )
{
iMatrix[i][j] = i+j;
printf ("%2d ",iMatrix[i][j]);
}
printf ("\n");
}
return 0;
}

90
LC19/file_header.c Normal file
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct MyStruct
{
int NoItems;
int max;
float average;
};
int main()
{
struct MyStruct MyRecord;
FILE *fptr;
int ArrayData[100];
int items = 0;
int sum = 0;
int i;
/* Write this file to disk - binary format, usual error checking */
fptr = fopen ("strdata.dat","wb");
if ( fptr == NULL )
{
printf ("\nError creating file - aborting ");
exit (0);
}
/* Pop some dummy data into our structure */
MyRecord.NoItems = 0;
MyRecord.max = 0; ;
MyRecord.average = 0;
/* This line does the writing of the structure */
fwrite ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
/* Populate the array */
for ( i = 0 ; i < 100 ; i++)
{
ArrayData[i] = i;
if ( ArrayData [i] > MyRecord.max)
MyRecord.max = ArrayData[i];
sum = sum + ArrayData[i];
items++;
}
/* This line does the writing of the Array */
fwrite ( &ArrayData[0], sizeof(int),100, fptr);
/* Update the values in the structure */
MyRecord.NoItems = items;
MyRecord.NoItems = (float)sum / (float)items;
/* rewind the file to write the structure again */
fseek(fptr, SEEK_SET, 0);
rewind (fptr);
/* This line does the writing of the structure */
fwrite ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
/* And close */
fclose (fptr);
/* To read the data we would use */
fptr = fopen ("strdata.dat","rb");
if ( fptr == NULL )
{
printf ("\nError opening input file - aborting ");
exit (0);
}
/* This line does the reading */
fread ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
printf ("No. items in the file = %d", MyRecord.NoItems);
printf ("Maximum = %d", MyRecord.max);
printf ("Average is = %.2f", MyRecord.average);
/* And close */
fclose (fptr);
/* All Done */
return 0;
}

99
LC19/file_header_move.c Normal file
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct MyStruct
{
int NoItems;
int max;
float average;
};
int main()
{
struct MyStruct MyRecord;
FILE *fptr;
int ArrayData[100];
int items = 0;
int sum = 0;
int i;
int AValue;
/* Write this file to disk - binary format, usual error checking */
fptr = fopen ("strdata.dat","wb");
if ( fptr == NULL )
{
printf ("\nError creating file - aborting ");
exit (0);
}
/* Pop some dummy data into our structure */
MyRecord.NoItems = 0;
MyRecord.max = 0; ;
MyRecord.average = 0;
/* This line does the writing of the structure */
fwrite ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
/* Populate the array */
for ( i = 0 ; i < 100 ; i++)
{
ArrayData[i] = i;
if ( ArrayData [i] > MyRecord.max)
MyRecord.max = ArrayData[i];
sum = sum + ArrayData[i];
items++;
}
/* This line does the writing of the Array */
fwrite ( &ArrayData[0], sizeof(int),100, fptr);
/* Update the values in the structure */
MyRecord.NoItems = items;
MyRecord.average= (float)sum / (float)items;
/* rewind the file to write the structure again */
fseek(fptr, SEEK_SET, 0);
rewind (fptr);
/* This line does the writing of the structure */
fwrite ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
/* And close */
fclose (fptr);
/* To read the data we would use */
fptr = fopen ("strdata.dat","rb");
if ( fptr == NULL )
{
printf ("\nError opening input file - aborting ");
exit (0);
}
/* This line does the reading */
fread ( &MyRecord, sizeof(struct MyStruct), 1, fptr);
printf ("No. items in the file = %d\n", MyRecord.NoItems);
printf ("Maximum = %d\n", MyRecord.max);
printf ("Average is = %.2f\n", MyRecord.average);
// Get how far to move for thr 10th item
long Posn = sizeof (struct MyStruct) + (9 * sizeof(int));
// Move
fseek(fptr, Posn, SEEK_SET);
// Read value
fread ( &AValue, sizeof(int),1 , fptr);
printf ("The 10th value is %d", AValue);
/* And close */
fclose (fptr);
/* All Done */
return 0;
}

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LC19/swap.c Normal file
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
union number
{
double d;
float f;
long l;
int i;
unsigned short s;
unsigned char c[8];
};
int main(void)
{
/* Define variables and a union */
int my_i;
short my_s;
unsigned char tc;
union number mynum;
/* Prompt for use input ao a number whose bytes we are to swap */
printf ("\nPlease enter a number ");
scanf("%hi",&my_s); // hi is the format for a signed short
/* pop this number into our union */
mynum.s = my_s;
/* Show the present byte order */
printf ("\nThe bytes making up your number %hi are ",my_s);
printf ("%d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d ",mynum.c[0],mynum.c[1],mynum.c[2],mynum.c[3],mynum.c[4],mynum.c[5],mynum.c[6],mynum.c[7]);
/* We now swap the two lowest bytes (via an intermediate variable) */
tc = mynum.c[1];
mynum.c[1] = mynum.c[0];
mynum.c[0] = tc;
printf ("\nThe bytes making up your number are now ");
printf ("%d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d ",mynum.c[0],mynum.c[1],mynum.c[2],mynum.c[3],mynum.c[4],mynum.c[5],mynum.c[6],mynum.c[7]);
printf ("\nWhich corresponds to %d ",mynum.s);
// Repeat for an integer
/* Prompt for use input ao a number whose bytes we are to swap */
printf ("\nPlease enter a number [INTEGER] ");
scanf("%d",&my_i);
/* pop this number into our union */
mynum.i = my_i;
/* Show the present byte order */
printf ("\nThe bytes making up your number %d are ",my_i);
printf ("%d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d ",mynum.c[0],mynum.c[1],mynum.c[2],mynum.c[3],mynum.c[4],mynum.c[5],mynum.c[6],mynum.c[7]);
/* We now swap the 1st and 4th bytes (via an intermediate variable) */
tc = mynum.c[3];
mynum.c[3] = mynum.c[0];
mynum.c[0] = tc;
/* We now swap the 1st and 4th bytes (via an intermediate variable) */
tc = mynum.c[2];
mynum.c[2] = mynum.c[1];
mynum.c[1] = tc;
printf ("\nThe bytes making up your number are now ");
printf ("%d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d ",mynum.c[0],mynum.c[1],mynum.c[2],mynum.c[3],mynum.c[4],mynum.c[5],mynum.c[6],mynum.c[7]);
printf ("\nWhich corresponds to %d ",mynum.i);
return 0;
}

31
LC19/union.c Normal file
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
union number{
double d;
float f;
long l;
int i;
short s;
unsigned char c[8];
};
int main(void)
{
int my_i;
union number mynum;
printf ("\nPlease enter a number ");
scanf("%d",&my_i);
printf ("\nThe bytes making up your number %d are ",my_i);
mynum.i = my_i;
printf ("%d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d ",mynum.c[0],mynum.c[1],mynum.c[2],mynum.c[3],mynum.c[4],mynum.c[5],mynum.c[6],mynum.c[7]);
printf ("\nSize of double id %d ",sizeof(double));
printf ("\nSize of float id %d ",sizeof(float));
printf ("\nSize of long id %d ",sizeof(long));
printf ("\nSize of int id %d ",sizeof(int));
printf ("\nSize of short id %d ",sizeof(short));
return 0;
}

37
LC21/cond.c Normal file
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/* We define one thing - we need not give it a value, but we can */
#define BUILD1
int main(void)
{
printf ("\nThis code is common to all ");
/* We check for the existance ob 'BUILD1' and act accordingly */
#ifdef BUILD1
printf ("\nWe had BUILD1 defined ");
#else
printf ("\nBUILD1 was not defined ");
#endif
/* Can can see if somthing was not defined too */
#ifndef BUILD2
printf ("\nBUILD2 was *NOT* defined ");
#endif
printf ("\n\n");
return 0;
}

24
LC21/getthem.c Normal file
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#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int age;
char name[10];
/* we check the argument count is 3 ( prog name plus 2 params ) */
if ( argc != 3 )
{
printf ("\nProgram use %s name age ",argv[0]);
exit (0);
}
/* Copy the command parameters into suitable variables */
sscanf(argv[1],"%s",name);
sscanf(argv[2],"%d",&age);
/* And display for all to see */
printf ("\nHello %s, you are %d ",name,age);
return 0;
}

19
LC21/simple.c Normal file
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/* Note the new type of main */
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int x;
/* Print the argument count */
printf("Arguments -> %d\n",argc);
/* And the arguments themselves */
for (x=0; x<argc; x++)
printf("%s\n",argv[x]);
return 0;
}

23
LC21/sprints.c Normal file
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#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char buffer[100];
int age=6;
char name[6];
/* This command copies "James" into the character array 'Name' */
strcpy(name,"James");
/* Print to the string (rather than screen) */
sprintf(buffer,"Name: %s, Age %d ",name,age);
/* And output the string created */
printf("\n->%s\n",buffer);
return 0;
}

29
LC21/use.c Normal file
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define BUILD1 23
int main(void)
{
int MyValue = 0;
printf ("\nThis code is common to all ");
#ifdef BUILD1
printf ("\nWe had BUILD1 defined, will adjust value accordingly ");
MyValue = BUILD1;
#else
printf ("\nBUILD1 was not defined, leaving MyValue alone ");
#endif
printf ("\nThe value in MyValue is %d ",MyValue);
printf ("\n\n");
return 0;
}

9
LC4/hello_world.c Normal file
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main( void )
{
/* My first program in C */
printf ("Hello World \n");
return 0; // Return from prog
}

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14
LC5/printf_example.c Normal file
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
int a,b,c,sum; /* Define variables */
a = 1; /* Assign values */
b = 2;
c = 3;
sum = a + b + c ; /* Calculate sum & Display */
printf ("\nThe sum of %d + %d + %d is %d \n", a, b, c, sum);
return 0; /* Return from prog */
}

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22
LC7/fgets_string.c Normal file
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/* EEEE1001/H61CAE*/
/* A program to show how to use fgets to safely read in a string */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char MyName[50]; /* Define a string of 10 characters */
/* A string */
printf("\nPlease enter your name & press return ");
fgets(MyName, 80, stdin);
printf("\nHello %s ",MyName);
return 0; /* End of the program */
}

27
LC7/getch.c Normal file
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/*
Chapter 7: example of getch
This program reads a single keystroke and displays it
on the screen
*/
#include <stdio.h> /* Standard include files */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main(void)
{
char x; /* Define a variable of type char */
x = getch(); /* Use getchar to read a keypress and store the */
/* result in 'x' */
putchar(x); /* Display the character stored in 'x' on the */
/* screen using putchar */
return 0;
}

27
LC7/getchar.c Normal file
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/*
Chapter 7: example of getchar
This program reads a single keystroke and displays it
on the screen
*/
#include <stdio.h> /* Standard include files */
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
char x; /* Define a variable of type char */
x = getchar(); /* Use getchar to read a keypress and store the */
/* result in 'x' */
putchar(x); /* Display the character stored in 'x' on the */
/* screen using putchar */
return 0;
}

22
LC7/gets_string.c Normal file
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/* EEEE1001/H61CAE - Chapter 7 */
/* A program to show how to use gets to read a string (that can include spaces) */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main( void )
{
char MyName[50]; /* Define a string of 10 characters */
/* A string */
printf("\nPlease enter your name & press return ");
gets(MyName);
printf("\nHello %s ",MyName);
return 0; /* End of the program */
}

36
LC7/scanf_examples.c Normal file
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/* Chapter 7 : Examples of using scanf */
/* A program to show how to use scanf to read various types of values (float/integer)*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main( void )
{
int v1; /* An integer */
float fv; /* A float */
/* Reading an integer */
printf("\nPlease enter an integer and press return ");
scanf("%d",&v1);
printf("\nThe value you entered was %d ",v1);
/* Reading a floating point number */
printf("\nPlease enter a floating point number & press return ");
scanf("%f",&fv);
printf("\nThe value you typed in was %f ",fv);
/* Reading all three in one go */
printf("\nPlease enter your age and salary\n");
scanf("%d %f", &v1, &fv);
printf("\nYou are %d years old ",v1);
printf("\nAnd earn %f per year ",fv);
return 0; /* End of the program */
}

23
LC7/scanf_string.c Normal file
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/* EEEE1001/H61CAE - Chapter 7 */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char MyName[50]; /* Define a string of 50 characters */
/* Prompt for and read in a string */
printf("\nPlease enter your name & press return ");
scanf("%s",MyName);
/* Display fixed text and string on the screen */
printf("\nHello %s ",MyName);
return 0; /* End of the program */
}

35
LC8/complex_if.c Normal file
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/* EEEE1001/H61CAE Chapter 8 */
/* Example of a simple if statements */
#include <stdio.h> /* Standard include files */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main( void )
{
int a = 1, b = 6; // Define and intialise variables
if ( (a == 1 ) && ( b == 6 ) )
{
printf("a is 1 AND b is 6\n" );
}
if ( (a == 1 ) || ( b == 99 ) )
{
printf("a is 1 OR b is 99\n" );
}
if (( b < a ) || ( a == 7 ) )
{
printf ("The value of b is less than a OR a is 7\n");
}
return 0;
}

35
LC8/if_else_if_else.c Normal file
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/* Chapter 8 */
/* Example of a simple if statements */
#include <stdio.h> /* Standard include files */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main( void )
{
int x = 55; // Define and intialise variable
if ( x == 2 )
{
printf ("The value of x was 2\n");
printf ("I will now do something\n");
}
else if ( x == 3 )
{
printf ("The value of x was 3\n");
printf ("I will now do something else\n");
}
else
{
printf ("x is neither 2 or 3; I will do this instead!\n");
}
return 0;
}

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/* EEEE1001/H61CAE Chapter 8 */
/* Incorrect use of a single equals sign in an if statement */
#include <stdio.h> /* Standard include files */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main( void )
{
int c = 6; // Define variable as initialise with value
printf ("\nThe current value in c is %d\n",c); // Display value in c
// This is correct
if ( c == 1 )
{
printf("\nThe value of c is 1\n" );
}
printf ("\nThe current value in c is %d\n",c); // Display value in c
// This is WRONG - it is setting c to one, this value is then tested
// and, as non-zero, is considered to be TRUE
if ( c = 1 )
{
printf("\nThe value of c is 1\n" );
}
printf ("\nThe current value in c is %d\n",c); // Display value in c
return 0;
}

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/* Chapter 8 */
/* Example of a simple if statements */
#include <stdio.h> /* Standard include files */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main( void )
{
int a = 1, b = 6; // Define and intialise variables
if ( a == 1 )
{
printf("\nThe value of a is 1\n" );
}
if ( a < b )
{
printf ("The value of a is less than b\n");
}
if ( b < a )
{
printf ("The value of b is less than a\n");
}
return 0;
}

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/* EEEE1001/H61CAE Chapter 8 */
/* Example of a simple if statements */
#include <stdio.h> /* Standard include files */
#include <stdlib.h>
int main( void )
{
int a; /* Define an int */
scanf ("%d",&a); /* Get value */
switch (a) /* Start of switch */
{
case 1:
printf("Hi"); /* Case 1 */
break;
case 2:
printf("Bye"); /* Case 2 */
break;
default :
printf("Err"); /* Default */
break;
}
return 0;
}

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/* Chapter 8 */
/* Example of a simple if statements */
#include <stdio.h> /* Standard include files */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h> /* Required for getch() */
int main( void )
{
char c; /* Define an char */
c = getch(); /* Get value - no return required*/
switch (c) /* Start of switch */
{
case '1':
printf("Hi"); /* Case 1 */
break;
case '2':
printf("Bye"); /* Case 2 */
break;
default :
printf("Err"); /* Default */
break;
}
return 0;
}

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/* EEEE1001/H61CAE Chapter 8 */
/* Example of a simple if statements */
#include <stdio.h> /* Standard include files */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h> /* Required for getch() */
int main( void )
{
char c; /* Define an char */
c = getch(); /* Get value - no return required*/
switch (c) /* Start of switch */
{
case '1':
printf("Hi"); /* Case 1 */
case '2':
printf("Bye"); /* Case 2 */
break;
default :
printf("Err"); /* Default */
break;
}
return 0;
}

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/*
This program shows how to use a DO/WHILE statement to keep displaying
the key pressed on the screen. It terminates when the 'q' key is
pressed
James Bonnyman
*/
#include <stdio.h> /* Standard include files */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main(void)
{
char x; /* Define a variable of type char */
/* We now use the while statement. The 'loop' continues to execute */
/* until such time as the expression in the brackets becomes false */
/* we use != , meaning 'Not Equal to' as the test, as we wish the */
/* the statements to be executed every time we press a key other */
/* than 'q'. Once we press 'q' the code continues on to the next */
/* statement */
/* Note: This time the getch is in the while expression */
do
{
x = getch();
/* Display a message on the screen */
printf("\nThe key you pressed was the %c key",x );
}
while ( x != 'q' );
// All done :-)
return 0;
}

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/* Example Program */
/*
This program shows how to write a simple loop that counts up
from zero to 9.
A second loop then counts from 10 down to 1
Remember
j++ means j = j + 1
j-- means j = j - 1
*/
#include <stdio.h> /* Standard include files */
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
char j; /* Define a variable of type integer */
/* The count up loop */
printf("\nCounting Up ... ");
for ( j = 0 ; j < 10 ; j++ )
printf("\nThe value of j is %d",j );
/* The count down loop */
printf ("\nCounting Down .. ");
for ( j = 10 ; j > 0 ; j-- )
printf("\nThe value of j is %d",j );
return 0;
}

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LC9/while_example_version_1.c Normal file
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/*
This program shows how to use a WHILE statment to keep displaying
the key pressed on the screen. It terminates when the 'q' key is
pressed
*/
#include <stdio.h> /* Standard include files */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main( void )
{
char x; /* Define a variable of type char */
printf("Press a key ");
x = getch(); /* Use getch to read a keypress and store the */
/* result in 'x'. We do this initially so that */
/* there is a value in 'x' for the while statment */
/* to consider the first time round */
/* We now use the while statement. The 'loop' continues to execute */
/* until such time as the expression in the brackets becomes false */
/* we use != , meaning 'Not Equal to' as the test, as we wish the */
/* the statements to be executed every time we press a key other */
/* than 'q'. Once we press 'q' the code continues on to the next */
/* statement */
while ( x != 'q' )
{
/* Display a message on the screen */
printf("\nThe key you pressed was the %c key\n",x );
/* Get a new value for X, if we do not the 'expression' will never */
/* change, and the loop will go for ever */
printf( "Press another key or q to quit \n");
x = getch();
}
return 0;
}

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LC9/while_example_version_2.c Normal file
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/*
This program shows how to use a WHILE statment to keep displaying
the key pressed on the screen. It terminates when the 'q' key is
pressed
*/
#include <stdio.h> /* Standard include files */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main(void)
{
char x; /* Define a variable of type char */
/* We now use the while statement. The 'loop' continues to execute */
/* until such time as the expression in the brackets becomes false */
/* we use != , meaning 'Not Equal to' as the test, as we wish the */
/* the statements to be executed every time we press a key other */
/* than 'q'. Once we press 'q' the code continues on to the next */
/* statement */
/* Note: This time the getch is in the while expression */
while ( ( x = getch() ) != 'q' )
{
/* Display a message on the screen */
printf("\nThe key you pressed was the %c key",x );
}
return 0;
}