diff --git a/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/MMME2051_Lec7_Top1_Quiz.pdf b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/MMME2051_Lec7_Top1_Quiz.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..074c550 Binary files /dev/null and b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/MMME2051_Lec7_Top1_Quiz.pdf differ diff --git a/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/images/vimscrot-2023-03-16T11:15:41,326771312+00:00.png b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/images/vimscrot-2023-03-16T11:15:41,326771312+00:00.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc45351 Binary files /dev/null and b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/images/vimscrot-2023-03-16T11:15:41,326771312+00:00.png differ diff --git a/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/images/vimscrot-2023-03-16T11:22:04,554599428+00:00.png b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/images/vimscrot-2023-03-16T11:22:04,554599428+00:00.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d983178 Binary files /dev/null and b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/images/vimscrot-2023-03-16T11:22:04,554599428+00:00.png differ diff --git a/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/images/vimscrot-2023-03-16T11:28:48,428685773+00:00.png b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/images/vimscrot-2023-03-16T11:28:48,428685773+00:00.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a87f895 Binary files /dev/null and b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/images/vimscrot-2023-03-16T11:28:48,428685773+00:00.png differ diff --git a/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/lecture_slides/MMME2051EMD_Lecture6A.pdf b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/lecture_slides/MMME2051EMD_Lecture6A.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..858dce1 Binary files /dev/null and b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/lecture_slides/MMME2051EMD_Lecture6A.pdf differ diff --git a/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/lecture_slides/MMME2051EMD_Lecture6B.pdf b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/lecture_slides/MMME2051EMD_Lecture6B.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..26407f9 Binary files /dev/null and b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/lecture_slides/MMME2051EMD_Lecture6B.pdf differ diff --git a/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/lecture_slides/MMME2051EMD_Lecture7.pdf b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/lecture_slides/MMME2051EMD_Lecture7.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96eb236 Binary files /dev/null and b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/lecture_slides/MMME2051EMD_Lecture7.pdf differ diff --git a/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/piezoelectrics.md b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/piezoelectrics.md new file mode 100755 index 0000000..aa79a6e --- /dev/null +++ b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/piezoelectrics.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +--- +author: Akbar Rahman +date: \today +title: MMME2051 // Piezoelectrics +tags: [ piezoelectrics, op_amps ] +uuid: ed7d0899-478d-4f0d-b0e9-634cdbb5b48a +lecture_slides: [ ./lecture_slides/MMME2051EMD_Lecture7.pdf ] +lecture_notes: [] +exercise_sheets: [ ./seminar_worksheets/MMME2051_Lec7_Top1_Quiz.pdf, ./seminar_worksheets/StrainGaugeHomework.pdf ] +--- + +Piezoelectricity is the charge that gets accumulated in some materials upon application of +mechanical stress + +$$Q \propto F$$ + +This relation allows the measurement of force using electric signals. + +![](./images/vimscrot-2023-03-16T11:15:41,326771312+00:00.png) + +\begin{align*} +Q &\propto F \\ +Q &= k_1F \\ + &= k_1Ma \\ +\frac{\mathrm d Q}{\mathrm dt} &= i = k_1M\frac{\mathrm da}{\mathrm dt} +\end{align*} + +# Integrating Amplifier + +Measuring current is expensive and difficult. +Integrating the current helps to measure a voltage instead, which is easier. +This is done using the following amplifier: + +![](./images/vimscrot-2023-03-16T11:22:04,554599428+00:00.png) + +\begin{align*} +V_\text{out} &= A_{OL}(V^+-V__) = -A_{OL}V__ \\ +V__ &= V_\text{out} - V_C +\end{align*} + +As input resistance of op amp is infinite: + +$$i_f = -i_n = -k_1M\frac{\mathrm da}{\mathrm dt}$$ + +From the capacitor equation: + +$$i_f = C_f \frac{\mathrm dV_C}{\mathrm dt} = -k_1M\frac{\mathrm da}{\mathrm dt}$$ + +Integrating both sides gives + +$$V_C = -\frac{k_1M}{C_f}a$$ + +And it can be found that + +\begin{align*} +V_\text{out} &= -A_{OL}(V_\text{out} - V_C) \\ +V_C &= -V\text{out} \frac{1+A_\text{OL}}{A_{OL}} +\end{align*} + +To get + +$$V_\text{out} = \frac{k_1M}{C_f}a$$ + +This circuit can be stacked to get velocity and displacement: + +![](./images/vimscrot-2023-03-16T11:28:48,428685773+00:00.png) diff --git a/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/seminar_worksheets/MMME2051_Lec7_Top1_Quiz.pdf b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/seminar_worksheets/MMME2051_Lec7_Top1_Quiz.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..074c550 Binary files /dev/null and b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/seminar_worksheets/MMME2051_Lec7_Top1_Quiz.pdf differ diff --git a/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/seminar_worksheets/StrainGaugeHomework.pdf b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/seminar_worksheets/StrainGaugeHomework.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9fc0498 Binary files /dev/null and b/uni/mmme/2051_electromechanical_devices/seminar_worksheets/StrainGaugeHomework.pdf differ