---
author: Akbar Rahman
date: \today
title: MMME2046 // Stability
tags: []
uuid: 2b0062f7-cc8a-4e52-8e12-1eb731e056af
lecture_slides: ./lecture_slides/Control 2 2022.pdf
---

# Introduction to Transient and Steady-State Responses

![](./images/vimscrot-2023-02-06T17:03:18,594676084+00:00.png)

A stable system settles.
An unstable system has increasing amplitude in its fluctuations.

The steady-state error is how accurate a system will be once settled.

If we subject control systems to standard input we can compare and tune their performance.

Consider three inputs:

i. step input
ii. ramp input (linear change with time)
iii. harmonic input (considered in vibration)

These inputs are useful because they

- are easily to apply in practice
- approximate to operating conditions in control systems


![](./images/vimscrot-2023-02-06T17:10:11,891784480+00:00.png)

# Practical Measurement of Transient Response

![](./images/vimscrot-2023-02-06T17:10:48,755879402+00:00.png)

a. maximum overshoot
b. number of oscillations
c. rise time
d. settling time
e. steady state error