mmme2044 start notes on seals
This commit is contained in:
parent
e263656e60
commit
1ffbca756c
GPG Key ID:
20609519444A1269
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 20 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 48 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 48 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 51 KiB |
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 77 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 2.9 KiB |
@ -0,0 +1,686 @@
|
|||||||
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
|
||||||
|
<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<svg
|
||||||
|
version="1.1"
|
||||||
|
id="svg148"
|
||||||
|
width="466.12421"
|
||||||
|
height="421.4855"
|
||||||
|
viewBox="0 0 466.12421 421.4855"
|
||||||
|
sodipodi:docname="seals-057.svg"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:version="1.2.1 (9c6d41e410, 2022-07-14, custom)"
|
||||||
|
xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape"
|
||||||
|
xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd"
|
||||||
|
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||||
|
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
|
||||||
|
xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||||||
|
<defs
|
||||||
|
id="defs152">
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath162">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 0,1.2207e-4 H 960 V 540.00012 H 0 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path160" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath172">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path170" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath184">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 496.92,333.6 H 707.16 V 472.44 H 496.92 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path182" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<mask
|
||||||
|
maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
x="0"
|
||||||
|
y="0"
|
||||||
|
width="1"
|
||||||
|
height="1"
|
||||||
|
id="mask188">
|
||||||
|
<image
|
||||||
|
width="1"
|
||||||
|
height="1"
|
||||||
|
style="image-rendering:optimizeSpeed"
|
||||||
|
preserveAspectRatio="none"
|
||||||
|
xlink:href="data:image/png;base64,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"
|
||||||
|
id="image190" />
|
||||||
|
</mask>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath226">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M -6.0714e-5,540 H 960 V 1.2207e-4 H 1.3981e-5"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path224" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath248">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path246" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath260">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path258" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath272">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path270" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath284">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path282" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath296">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path294" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath308">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path306" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath320">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path318" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath332">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path330" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath344">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path342" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath364">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path362" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath376">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path374" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath388">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path386" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath400">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path398" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath412">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path410" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath424">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path422" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath436">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path434" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath448">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path446" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath460">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path458" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath472">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path470" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath484">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path482" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath496">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path494" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath508">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path506" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath520">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path518" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath532">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path530" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath544">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path542" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath556">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path554" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath568">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path566" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath580">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path578" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath592">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path590" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath604">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path602" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath616">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path614" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath628">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path626" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath640">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path638" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath652">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path650" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath664">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path662" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath680">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path678" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath692">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path690" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
<clipPath
|
||||||
|
clipPathUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
|
||||||
|
id="clipPath706">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 1.4305e-5,0 H 960.00001 V 540 H 1.4305e-5 Z"
|
||||||
|
clip-rule="evenodd"
|
||||||
|
id="path704" />
|
||||||
|
</clipPath>
|
||||||
|
</defs>
|
||||||
|
<sodipodi:namedview
|
||||||
|
id="namedview150"
|
||||||
|
pagecolor="#ffffff"
|
||||||
|
bordercolor="#666666"
|
||||||
|
borderopacity="1.0"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:showpageshadow="2"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:pageopacity="0.0"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:pagecheckerboard="0"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:deskcolor="#d1d1d1"
|
||||||
|
showgrid="false"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:zoom="0.58884902"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:cx="196.99447"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:cy="78.118496"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:window-width="1920"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:window-height="1051"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:window-x="0"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:window-y="29"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:window-maximized="1"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:current-layer="g154" />
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g154"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:groupmode="layer"
|
||||||
|
inkscape:label="Lecture 6 Seals_v1.0"
|
||||||
|
transform="matrix(1.3333333,0,0,-1.3333333,-626.6427,432.97386)">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 548.98,146.16 -0.66,-3.97 -4.34,-10.47 -4,-10.1 -3.34,-11.55 9.56,-10.47 2.78,10.11 3.01,7.58 2.67,5.41 2.67,3.25 4.67,4.33 6,4.33 6.01,1.8 h 6.67 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:#254061;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="path194" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 548.98,146.16 -0.66,-3.97 -4.34,-10.47 -4,-10.1 -3.34,-11.55 9.56,-10.47 2.78,10.11 3.01,7.58 2.67,5.41 2.67,3.25 4.67,4.33 6,4.33 6.01,1.8 h 6.67 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.72;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||||
|
id="path196" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 529.67,148.64 h 15.58 l 4.33,-2.88 32.04,-10.22 h 22.58 l 6.01,-6.61 v -9.38 l 30.37,-21.51 h 6.12 l 21.58,17.79 v 29.93 h -39.83 l -6.89,11.29 -59.85,0.97 -12.46,1.44 -0.67,6.13 -2,4.32 -3.34,2.53 -4.34,1.08 -9.34,-16.95 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:#4f81bd;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="path198" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 529.67,148.64 h 15.58 l 4.33,-2.88 32.04,-10.22 h 22.58 l 6.01,-6.61 v -9.38 l 30.37,-21.51 h 6.12 l 21.58,17.79 v 29.93 h -39.83 l -6.89,11.29 -59.85,0.97 -12.46,1.44 -0.67,6.13 -2,4.32 -3.34,2.53 -4.34,1.08 -9.34,-16.95 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.72;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||||
|
id="path200" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 658.68,144.3 c 0,6.99 -5.21,12.66 -11.64,12.66 -6.43,0 -11.64,-5.67 -11.64,-12.66 0,-6.99 5.21,-12.66 11.64,-12.66 6.43,0 11.64,5.67 11.64,12.66 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:#c0504d;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="path202" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 658.68,144.3 c 0,6.99 -5.21,12.66 -11.64,12.66 -6.43,0 -11.64,-5.67 -11.64,-12.66 0,-6.99 5.21,-12.66 11.64,-12.66 6.43,0 11.64,5.67 11.64,12.66 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.72;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||||
|
id="path204" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 655.32,144.48 c 0,4.9 -3.68,8.88 -8.22,8.88 -4.54,0 -8.22,-3.98 -8.22,-8.88 0,-4.9 3.68,-8.88 8.22,-8.88 4.54,0 8.22,3.98 8.22,8.88 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:#4f81bd;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="path206" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 655.32,144.48 c 0,4.9 -3.68,8.88 -8.22,8.88 -4.54,0 -8.22,-3.98 -8.22,-8.88 0,-4.9 3.68,-8.88 8.22,-8.88 4.54,0 8.22,3.98 8.22,8.88 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.72;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||||
|
id="path208" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 689.04,240 V 98.04"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.72;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||||
|
id="path210" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 668.28,115.92 V 98.16"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.72;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||||
|
id="path212" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 610.44,120 V 98.28"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.72;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||||
|
id="path214" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 529.68,148.68 V 98.04"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.72;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||||
|
id="path216" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 706.44,98.04 H 512.28"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.72;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||||
|
id="path218" />
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g220">
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g222"
|
||||||
|
clip-path="url(#clipPath226)">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 700.95,24.983 c 6.5,14.144 13,28.287 13.91,40.39 0.91,12.102 -4.32,30.99 -8.23,32.452 -3.92,1.461 -15.17,-8.637 -15.48,-23.429 -0.3,-14.791 11.07,-52.025 13.96,-65.7022"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.75;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||||
|
id="path228" />
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 513.18,98.04 c -6.09,-5.768 -12.3,-11.656 -12.19,-26.196 0.11,-14.54 9.64,-50.59 12.97,-60.924"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.72;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||||
|
id="path230" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 684.27,255.48 H 539.66 l -6.23,-2.88 -2.67,-3.85 -1.56,-4.56 0.67,-87.95 9.34,0.24 v 78.82 l 0.89,4.8 2.23,2.88 4.45,0.49 124.58,0.36 1,5.4 2.56,1.44 4.12,-0.72 2.33,-2.52 0.67,-9.25 h 7.12 v 6.73 3.36 l -0.44,3.85 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:#ff0000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="path232" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="M 684.27,255.48 H 539.66 l -6.23,-2.88 -2.67,-3.85 -1.56,-4.56 0.67,-87.95 9.34,0.24 v 78.82 l 0.89,4.8 2.23,2.88 4.45,0.49 124.58,0.36 1,5.4 2.56,1.44 4.12,-0.72 2.33,-2.52 0.67,-9.25 h 7.12 v 6.73 3.36 l -0.44,3.85 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.72;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||||
|
id="path234" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 550.68,242.88 120.28,0.24 5.67,-0.72 3.44,-1.32 1.56,-3.25 0.33,-7.68 -0.33,-96.23 h -5 v 96.23 l -0.22,3.6 -1.78,2.88 -2.67,0.84 -4.33,0.24 -116.95,-0.24 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:#595959;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="path236" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 550.68,242.88 120.28,0.24 5.67,-0.72 3.44,-1.32 1.56,-3.25 0.33,-7.68 -0.33,-96.23 h -5 v 96.23 l -0.22,3.6 -1.78,2.88 -2.67,0.84 -4.33,0.24 -116.95,-0.24 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.2;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||||
|
id="path238" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 653.68,298.72 -35.16,-37.31 1.48,-1.4 35.16,37.31 z m -34.42,-38.01 -0.92,6.47 -3.28,-10.92 10.71,3.92 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:#c00000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="path240" />
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g242">
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g244"
|
||||||
|
clip-path="url(#clipPath248)">
|
||||||
|
<text
|
||||||
|
xml:space="preserve"
|
||||||
|
transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,718.61,218.64)"
|
||||||
|
style="font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:20.04px;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri;writing-mode:lr-tb;fill:#003399;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="text252"><tspan
|
||||||
|
x="0 13.26648 23.787479 30.500879 35.049961 45.611038 56.132038 65.731201 70.340401"
|
||||||
|
y="0"
|
||||||
|
sodipodi:role="line"
|
||||||
|
id="tspan250">Optional </tspan></text>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g254">
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g256"
|
||||||
|
clip-path="url(#clipPath260)">
|
||||||
|
<text
|
||||||
|
xml:space="preserve"
|
||||||
|
transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,718.61,194.64)"
|
||||||
|
style="font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:20.04px;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri;writing-mode:lr-tb;fill:#003399;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="text264"><tspan
|
||||||
|
x="0 4.6092 15.1302 25.651199 35.631119 42.62508 47.154121 55.55088 65.15004 72.98568"
|
||||||
|
y="0"
|
||||||
|
sodipodi:role="line"
|
||||||
|
id="tspan262">inner case</tspan></text>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g266">
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g268"
|
||||||
|
clip-path="url(#clipPath272)">
|
||||||
|
<text
|
||||||
|
xml:space="preserve"
|
||||||
|
transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,661.66,309.5)"
|
||||||
|
style="font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:20.04px;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri;writing-mode:lr-tb;fill:#003399;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="text276"><tspan
|
||||||
|
x="0 13.3266 23.847601 30.3606 40.340519 47.33448 51.863522 60.240238 69.839401 77.675041 87.654961 92.183998 98.256119 114.26808 123.50652 132.58464 137.11368 147.63467 157.61459"
|
||||||
|
y="0"
|
||||||
|
sodipodi:role="line"
|
||||||
|
id="tspan274">Outer case (may be </tspan></text>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g278">
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g280"
|
||||||
|
clip-path="url(#clipPath284)">
|
||||||
|
<text
|
||||||
|
xml:space="preserve"
|
||||||
|
transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,661.66,285.5)"
|
||||||
|
style="font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:20.064px;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri;writing-mode:lr-tb;fill:#003399;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="text288"><tspan
|
||||||
|
x="0 7.002336 17.535936 28.069536 38.603134 48.595009 55.597343 59.99136 68.398178 78.971901 88.321732 94.802399 104.79427 115.32787"
|
||||||
|
y="0"
|
||||||
|
sodipodi:role="line"
|
||||||
|
id="tspan286">rubber coated)</tspan></text>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g290">
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g292"
|
||||||
|
clip-path="url(#clipPath296)">
|
||||||
|
<text
|
||||||
|
xml:space="preserve"
|
||||||
|
transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,704.93,113.95)"
|
||||||
|
style="font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:20.04px;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri;writing-mode:lr-tb;fill:#003399;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="text300"><tspan
|
||||||
|
x="0 12.64524 22.2444 29.158199 35.631119 45.611038 52.605 57.214199 65.049843 75.570839 82.564796 87.093842 97.614838"
|
||||||
|
y="0"
|
||||||
|
sodipodi:role="line"
|
||||||
|
id="tspan298">Garter spring</tspan></text>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g302">
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g304"
|
||||||
|
clip-path="url(#clipPath308)">
|
||||||
|
<text
|
||||||
|
xml:space="preserve"
|
||||||
|
transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,734.81,56.304)"
|
||||||
|
style="font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:20.04px;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri;writing-mode:lr-tb;fill:#003399;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="text312"><tspan
|
||||||
|
x="0 10.36068 17.274481 21.88368 37.795441 47.3946 54.448681"
|
||||||
|
y="0"
|
||||||
|
sodipodi:role="line"
|
||||||
|
id="tspan310">Primary</tspan></text>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g314">
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g316"
|
||||||
|
clip-path="url(#clipPath320)">
|
||||||
|
<text
|
||||||
|
xml:space="preserve"
|
||||||
|
transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,734.81,32.304)"
|
||||||
|
style="font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:20.04px;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri;writing-mode:lr-tb;fill:#003399;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="text324"><tspan
|
||||||
|
x="0 7.83564 17.815559 27.414721 31.923719 36.532921 47.053921 56.49276 61.061878 65.671082 70.180077"
|
||||||
|
y="0"
|
||||||
|
sodipodi:role="line"
|
||||||
|
id="tspan322">sealing lip</tspan></text>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g326">
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g328"
|
||||||
|
clip-path="url(#clipPath332)">
|
||||||
|
<text
|
||||||
|
xml:space="preserve"
|
||||||
|
transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,468.96,72.168)"
|
||||||
|
style="font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:20.04px;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri;writing-mode:lr-tb;fill:#003399;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="text336"><tspan
|
||||||
|
x="0 13.26648 23.787479 30.500879 35.049961 45.611038 56.132038 65.731201 70.340401 74.769241 82.604881 92.584801 100.92144 111.48252 122.00352 132.58464 142.18381 149.23788"
|
||||||
|
y="0"
|
||||||
|
sodipodi:role="line"
|
||||||
|
id="tspan334">Optional secondary</tspan></text>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g338">
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g340"
|
||||||
|
clip-path="url(#clipPath344)">
|
||||||
|
<text
|
||||||
|
xml:space="preserve"
|
||||||
|
transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,468.96,48.168)"
|
||||||
|
style="font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:20.04px;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri;writing-mode:lr-tb;fill:#003399;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="text348"><tspan
|
||||||
|
x="0 7.83564 17.815559 27.414721 31.923719 36.532921 47.053921 56.49276 61.061878 65.671082 70.180077"
|
||||||
|
y="0"
|
||||||
|
sodipodi:role="line"
|
||||||
|
id="tspan346">sealing lip</tspan></text>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 712.56,208.15 -29.55,-9.11 0.6,-1.95 29.55,9.12 z m -29.25,-10.09 2.39,6.08 -8.24,-7.88 11.25,-1.87 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:#c00000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="path350" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 698.96,122.75 -41.69,20.9 0.92,1.82 41.69,-20.9 z m -41.23,21.81 1.36,-6.39 -6.83,9.13 11.4,-0.01 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:#c00000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="path352" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 727.08,60.929 -80.33,36.017 0.83,1.861 80.34,-36.016 z m -79.92,36.947 1.64,-6.322 -7.22,8.826 11.39,0.48 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:#c00000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="path354" />
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 520.29,72.48 24.84,39.81 -1.74,1.08 -24.84,-39.81 z m 23.97,40.35 2.17,-6.16 1.07,11.35 -9.73,-5.95 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:#c00000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="path356" />
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g670">
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 496.92,42.96 225,-3.6"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:1.2;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-dasharray:9.6, 3.6, 1.2, 3.6;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1"
|
||||||
|
id="path672" />
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g674">
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g676"
|
||||||
|
clip-path="url(#clipPath680)">
|
||||||
|
<text
|
||||||
|
xml:space="preserve"
|
||||||
|
transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,470.4,286.99)"
|
||||||
|
style="font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;font-size:20.04px;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri-Bold;writing-mode:lr-tb;fill:#003399;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="text684"><tspan
|
||||||
|
x="0 11.523 18.476879 34.769402 45.550919 53.627041 64.388519 75.210121 85.290237 92.404442 97.334282 105.711"
|
||||||
|
y="0"
|
||||||
|
sodipodi:role="line"
|
||||||
|
id="tspan682">Atmospheric </tspan></text>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g686">
|
||||||
|
<g
|
||||||
|
id="g688"
|
||||||
|
clip-path="url(#clipPath692)">
|
||||||
|
<text
|
||||||
|
xml:space="preserve"
|
||||||
|
transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,470.4,262.99)"
|
||||||
|
style="font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;font-size:20.04px;font-family:Calibri;-inkscape-font-specification:Calibri-Bold;writing-mode:lr-tb;fill:#003399;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="text696"><tspan
|
||||||
|
x="0 7.9959602 12.9258 23.7474"
|
||||||
|
y="0"
|
||||||
|
sodipodi:role="line"
|
||||||
|
id="tspan694">side</tspan></text>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
<path
|
||||||
|
d="m 492.21,259.18 30.58,-51.03 -1.75,-1.04 -30.58,51.03 z m 29.7,-51.55 2.28,6.12 0.87,-11.37 -9.62,6.13 z"
|
||||||
|
style="fill:#c00000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:nonzero;stroke:none"
|
||||||
|
id="path698" />
|
||||||
|
</g>
|
||||||
|
</svg>
|
||||||
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 27 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 26 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 18 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 12 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 47 KiB |
157
uni/mmme/2xxx/2044_design_manufacture_and_project/seals.md
Executable file
157
uni/mmme/2xxx/2044_design_manufacture_and_project/seals.md
Executable file
@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
|
|||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
author: Akbar Rahman
|
||||||
|
date: \today
|
||||||
|
title: MMME2044 // Seals
|
||||||
|
tags: [ uni, mmme2044, seals ]
|
||||||
|
uuid: ff74e8ad-090d-47eb-b9cc-41ccdefb9a63
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Function
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- used to prevent or limit leakage of fluids or particulates
|
||||||
|
- keep dirt out
|
||||||
|
- allow motion
|
||||||
|
- allow disassembly
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Classification of Seals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## O-Rings
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- good for static and low speed applications
|
||||||
|
- requires interference fit
|
||||||
|
- application is codified---use a standard where possible (BS 4518:1982, BS ISO 3601-1~5)
|
||||||
|
- sized by internal diameter (ID) and section diameter (A)
|
||||||
|
- works by having the rubber o-ring squeezed against the two surfaces
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- pre-compression ensures sealing when there is no pressure
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Challenger Space Shuttle Disaster
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds into flight
|
||||||
|
- at the low temperatures, the o-rings lost their resilience
|
||||||
|
- the booster cases distorted during launch
|
||||||
|
- insufficient groove width in o-ring design
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Common Forms of Failure
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Abrasion---sealing face is worn away. Can be reduced with smoother surfaces, harder materials,
|
||||||
|
better lubricant, and reduced speed
|
||||||
|
- Compression set---the sealing face is permanently distorted. Can be solved with more temperature
|
||||||
|
resistant o-rings
|
||||||
|
- Installation damage---can be avoided with chamfers and blending radii
|
||||||
|
- Extrusion---the o-ring is forced into the sealing clearence. can be avoided with:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- smaller clearances < 0.13 mm;
|
||||||
|
- harder material
|
||||||
|
- different cross section
|
||||||
|
- backup rings---come in a range of shapes and sizes (BS 5106:1988)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Spiral damage---o-ring is twisted and leaks. can be avoided with:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- lower reciprocating speed
|
||||||
|
- harder material
|
||||||
|
- different cross sections (e.g. quadrant seals, which have a x-shaped section)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Groove Dimensions
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- up to 100 bar for static loading
|
||||||
|
- up to 14 bar & 3.8 m/s for dynamic loading
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> i don't know when this is the case but it just says this in the
|
||||||
|
> [lecture slides](./lecture_slides/Lecture 6 Seals_v1.0.pdf)
|
||||||
|
> (and i haven't watched the lecture yet)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- $F$---radial depth
|
||||||
|
- $E$---groove width
|
||||||
|
- $G$---total clearance
|
||||||
|
- $C$---lead-in chamfer
|
||||||
|
- $R$---radius
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Groove in Cylinder
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Groove in Piston
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Example of a Dimensions Table
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# O-Ring Properties
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Material | Hardness (Shore A) | Temperature Range ($^{\circ}$C) | Uses
|
||||||
|
-------- | ------------------ | ------------------------------- | ---------------
|
||||||
|
Nitrile rubber | 70 | -30 to 110 | general purpose, fuel, oils, water
|
||||||
|
Silicone | 70 | -60 to 200 | medical, body fluid resistant, low temp, alcohol, oxygen
|
||||||
|
Viton (fluorocarbon) | 85 | -20 to 200 | high temperature, extreme chemicals
|
||||||
|
Polyurethane | 95 | -30 to 110 | high temps, oil, gas, hydraulics, good wear
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Shore A context:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Item | Hardness (Shore A)
|
||||||
|
------------- | ------------------
|
||||||
|
Rubber band | 20
|
||||||
|
Pencil rubber | 40
|
||||||
|
Tire tread | 70
|
||||||
|
Shoe heel | 80
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Gaskets
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- a material or combination of materials clamped between two separable members to form a joint
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Gasket Anatomy
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. Base material---a compliant element such as cork, cellulose, or a fibre
|
||||||
|
2. Binders---temperature and chemical resistant material such as rubber, elastomers, and resins
|
||||||
|
3. Fillers---fill voids in base material. usually rubbers, elastomers, or resins
|
||||||
|
4. Reinforcements---prevents distortion. usually a metal or fabric core
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Seals in Rotating Shafts
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- low pressure and low temperature---o rings, radial lip seals, axial lip seals
|
||||||
|
- high pressure---high performance lip seals, mechanical seals
|
||||||
|
- high temperature---labrynth seals
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## O-Rings
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- o-rings can be used in dynamic applications
|
||||||
|
- friction is high but sealing is good within operating range (14 bar, 3.8 m/s)
|
||||||
|
- surface roughness must not exceed 0.4 mm Ra, should be around 0.1 mm Ra
|
||||||
|
- spiral and abrasion are main failure modes, if installed correctly
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Radial Lip Seal Anatomy
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- low pressure---0.3-0.6 bar, up to 7 bar with backing plate
|
||||||
|
- moderate speed---up to 16 m/s
|
||||||
|
- high temperature
|
||||||
|
- normal environmental conditions
|
||||||
|
- slight leakage permitted
|
||||||
|
- normally made of nitrile rubber compounds
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Types of Lip Seal
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- BS ISO 6149-1:2007 defines 4 basic types of rotary shaft lip seal:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- $D_1$---nominal diameter of shaft
|
||||||
|
- $D_2$---nominal diameter of housing
|
||||||
|
- $b$---nominal seal width
|
||||||
|
- $A$---air side
|
||||||
|
- $B$---fluid side
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user