Data and Formula Sheet

International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS)

Thermodynamic Tables to Accompany Modern Engineering Thermodynamics (Robert Balmer)

Terminology

State --- condition of a fluid in a particular region, defined by properties
Property --- a measurable variable characteristic of a fluid
System --- a region of a fluid contained by real and/or imaginary boundaries

Lecture 1 (W03/40)

Graphical Representation of Properties

When is a Graph a Chart?

Graphs plot the relationship between two component characteristics.

A chart has the relationship between the two component characteristics but also plots lines of other variables on top of them, allowing them to represent more 'dimensions' of the system.

Temperature vs Specific Entropy

The orange line is liquid, the flat blue bit is wet steam, the steep blue bit is superheated steam.

Specific Enthalpy vs Specific Entropy

Pressure vs Specific Enthalpy

Transport Properties

Transport properties are of use for working out the flow behaviour.

These are:

density

Density is affected by temperature and pressure. We know perfect gases have equation of state but we need to use tables for steam an R134a as they are not perfect gases.
viscosity

Viscosity in all fluids varies with temperature. On page 10 of the tables there is viscosity of steam and water liquid stated in dynamic form.
```
$$\nu = \frac\mu\r
```
(kinematic viscosity = dynamic viscosity / density)
Prandtl number
thermal conductivity

Lecture 2 (W04/41)

Throttle
Evaporator
Compressor
Condenser

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